Friday, May 4, 2012

Nutrition (1)- 2012

Copper (Cu)




It is essential in all higher plants and animals. Copper is a mineral available in traceable amounts throughout the body incorporated into organic complexes, such as enzymes involved in brain function and the circulatory system. It is also extremely important for the development of the long bones, like the femur. Copper deficiency results in thin bones that fracture easily. Copper is an oxidant, yet in the body it has an antioxidant function by being a co-factor in the enzyme superoxide dismutase (S.O.D.). This enzyme protects the cells from the damage caused by free radicals and peroxides. Copper is also part of the protein, ceruloplasmin, found in the blood plasma. Ceruloplasmin regulates the level of certain hormones in the blood and is also required for the formation of red blood cells. Additionally, copper plays a part in energy production, melanin formation and fatty acid oxidation. Copper deficiency increases the risk of heart and circulatory problems, especially if there is also a selenium deficiency. Copper deficiency can also contribute to anaemia, bone diseases, nervous system disturbance and hair loss. In children, growth is inhibited and the bones may become brittle.



Nickel (Ni)



Nickel is found in highest concentrations in lung, kidney and some hormone-producing tissues.



Nickel deficiency has been linked to low blood glucose levels, abnormal bone growth, poor absorption of ferric iron, and altered metabolism of calcium, vitamin B-12 and energy nutrients.

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